打开www.RENEWAL-ZONE.com了解更多

由建筑师们在2011年自行发起的布尔诺Zvonarka中央巴士总站的重新设计，彰显了场地的野兽派建筑特征，反映出CHYBIK + KRISTOF对建筑遗产保护的长期投入。建筑师们充分领会了车站在城市社会结构中的核心作用，展现出他们在推动建设性社会变革中所承担的责任。他们对破败、急需重塑的交通枢纽和公共空间予以解决，以通透性和可达性为设计核心，将巴士总站转变为更适应当前社会需求的功能实体。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

【资料图】

布尔诺的Zvonarka中央巴士总站建于1988年，长期以来与国际知名的布拉格酒店和Transgas大楼一样，被认为是捷克的野兽派建筑中仅存的著名遗存。野兽派建筑或“粗制混凝土”，意为先进性或实验性的裸露混凝土建筑，在战后建筑中占据主要地位。长期以来建筑师和学者对这一类型建筑的评价呈现两极分化。CHYBIK + KRISTOF也是如此，正如知名建筑师扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）和隈研吾（Kengo Kuma）一样，他们一贯主张保护野兽派遗产建筑引人入胜的建筑美学和建材的原始品质。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

近年来许多此类建筑已遭拆除或面临着相同命运，包括2014年被拆除的布拉格酒店和2019被年拆除的Transgas大楼、饱受争议的伦敦罗宾汉花园 (2017年拆除) 和美国的巴勒斯惠康大厦 (2021年拆除)。CHYBIK + KRISTOF承诺加入对这些遗产建筑的保护队伍，并将Zvonarka巴士总站大楼作为当地处理此类情况的范例。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

“建筑的拆除是全球都在面临的一个问题，” CHYBIK + KRISTOF联合创始人、建筑师 Michal Kristof解释说：“作为建筑师，我们的职责是加入这些语境，并昭示我们并非于空白纸上创作。我们需要考虑既有的建筑并以其为基础来进展，逐步将语境从创造转为改造。”

改造前

作为该地区城际交通的主要巴士站，Zvonarka中央巴士总站设计于1984年，1988年建成。1989年，建筑仅完成了首期建设便被私有化，继续作为公交车站使用。这里被公认为野兽派遗产建筑，由于维护成本高昂，建筑几乎未得到任何维护并逐渐破败。

改造前

2011年，CHYBIK + KRISTOF关注到车站的情况。为看似无法修复的空间提出积极解决方案的殷切目标驱动下，他们带着初步的重新设计方案联系了私人业主方。该提案通过社交媒体吸引了公众的广泛关注，并推动了当地私人利益相关者和公共当局间的对话。历经四年的交流合作，项目于2015年获得了所需资金，值得一提的是它还被纳入了欧洲基金项目。十年后的2021年，建筑师们揭幕了经过修复和重新设计的交通枢纽公共空间，这一保护完好的野兽派遗产建筑和重新配置的功能空间，对建筑的历史和不断变化的社会需求都予以了关注。

Zvonarka中央巴士总站展示出CHYBIK + KRISTOF在项目构思时深刻的社会意识。他们首先确认不断变化的社会动态，并开展了包括建筑师、公共实体和私人合作伙伴、本地和外部的合作伙伴的不同的利益相关者间的交流。通过采取综合性的社会文化和技术方法，他们最终提出了以用户为本的意识化设计，超越了单纯的施工过程。由于交通枢纽愈发成为城市的窗口，更加确定了这一过渡空间的重要性，设计突显了车站作为城市进出节点的作用。在构思满足用户需求的功能重新设计的同时，建筑师将车站的本质作为城市的社会神经来培育，设想如何将其进一步融入周围的城市结构，并为其引入全新的社会活力。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

在对项目的全情参与中，CHYBIK + KRISTOF将自身定义为这一城市空间的建筑师和市民。在这样的过程中，他们考虑了既有与构想、公共与私人、功能与体验之间的内在关系、细微差别以及协同作用，并始终强调车站作为交通枢纽的主要作用。这里每天的区域、国内和国际的班车达820个，运送旅客达17000人次。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

新的设计以通透性为根本。为了致敬原建筑的建筑师Radúz Russ，建筑团队自豪地展示了车站原有的典型的野兽派元素——钢支撑框架和混凝土屋顶，这种棱角与展现车辆和乘客流动的有机波浪形成鲜明对比。建筑师转向结构的透明度，拆除墙壁并让光线充盈其中，以唤起人们对安全舒适出行的记忆。依照原来的方形平面布局，他们对主厅重新配置，将其打造为开放的无墙结构。双面屋顶和内部空间将各个公车站点容纳其中，外部区域则作为公共汽车的停车位使用。建筑师们希望站厅向城市开放，因此拆除了20世纪90年代增建的临时结构，并在街面打造了第二个入口。破旧的主结构被重新粉刷成白色并添加上新的照明设施，设计还引入了新的信息办公室、售票和等候区、站台，以及可供残疾人使用的定位系统。通过这一设计，CHYBIK + KRISTOF将建筑转变为一个充满活力、功能强大而内核则是社交中心的空间，引导当地人群和乘客自由流动。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

CHYBIK + KRISTOF建筑规划事务所由Ondrej Chybik和Michal Kristof于2010年创立，拥有超过50人的国际团队，在布拉格、布尔诺和布拉迪斯拉发设有办公室。CHYBIK + KRISTOF致力于在私家空间和公共空间之间搭建平台，跨越世代和社会领域。事务所将当地的历史和环境特色纳入考量，打造出涵盖城市开发、公共建筑和住宅等类型丰富、范围广泛的项目。近期作品包括2015年米兰世博会捷克馆，以及位于捷克的Lahofer酒厂、Zvonarka公交车站和伊赫拉瓦多功能竞技场。CHYBIK + KRISTOF荣获了多个设计类奖项，其中包括由Architectural Record办法的2019年度先锋设计奖，入选了欧洲建筑艺术设计和城市研究中心的2019年40位40岁以下奖项名录。

Photography by alex shoots buildings. © CHYBIK + KRISTOF Architects & Urban Designers

Initiated by the architects in 2011, the redesign of Brno's Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal brings to light the site's original Brutalist identity – and CHYBIK + KRISTOF's longstanding engagement in preserving architectural heritage. Receptive to the station's central role in the city's social fabric, the architects demonstrate their responsibility and commitment to driving constructive social change. They address the urgency to rethink the use of a decaying transportation hub and public space. Placing transparency, and access, at the root of their design, they have transformed the bus terminal into a functional entity adapted to current social needs.

Akin to the internationally renowned Hotel Praha and Transgas buildings in Prague, Brno's Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal, built in 1988, has long been considered one of the notable remaining examples of the Czech Republic's Brutalist architectural heritage. Dominating much of post-war architecture, Brutalism or “béton brut” – referring to the exposed concrete architecture that simultaneously celebrates progressiveness and experimentalism – has long polarized architects and scholars alike, among whom CHYBIK + KRISTOF. Like notable figures from Zaha Hadid to Kengo Kuma, they have consistently advocated for the preservation of Brutalist architectural heritage, citing its intriguing aesthetic and raw material qualities. 

改造前

With many such structures demolished or threatened in recent years – among which the now demolished Hotel Praha (2014) and Transgas (2019), the controversial Robin Hood Gardens (2017) in London and the Burroughs Wellcome Building (2021) in the United States, CHYBIK + KRISTOF affirm their engagement for their protection, placing the Brutalist Zvonarka Bus Terminal building as a local case-in-point of such circumstances.

“Demolitions are a global issue,” explains co-founding architect Michal Kristof. “Our role as architects is to engage in these conversations and demonstrate that we no longer operate from a blank page. We need to consider and also work from existing architecture – and gradually shift the conversation from creation to transformation.”

改造前

Designed in 1984 and built in 1988, the Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal has continuously acted as the region's main bus station for intercity transport. In 1989, the building was privatized, with only the first phases of construction complete, and resuming its role as a bus station. Recognized as a Brutalist heritage site, its high maintenance costs led to little upkeep, driving to its gradual deterioration.

In 2011, CHYBIK + KRISTOF grew aware of the station's decaying conditions. Eager to advance a positive alternative to a seemingly irrecoverable space, they reached out to its private owners with an elementary redesign proposal. Drawing wide public attention through social media, their initiative prompted a conversation between local private stakeholders and public authorities – and after a four- year-long collaborative exchange, the required funding was attained in 2015, notably through the project's recognition as a European funds project. In 2021, ten years later, the architects now unveil the restored and redesigned transportation hub and public space – a preserved Brutalist heritage site and reconfigured functional space, attentive to both its history and to evolving social needs.

改造前

The Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal mirrors CHYBIK + KRISTOF's profound social awareness in conceiving their projects. First identifying the ongoing social dynamics, they engage with diverse stakeholders – architects, public entities and private partners, local and external. Adopting a holistic sociocultural and technical approach, they ultimately bring forward a user-centered, conscious design – one that moves beyond the mere construction process. Stressing the station's role as the point of entry into and departure from the city, they outline the significance of this transitional space, as transportation hubs increasingly come to act as windows onto cities. All-the-while conceiving a functional redesign receptive to users' needs, the architects cultivate the station's essence as the city's social nerve, envisioning how to further integrate it in the surrounding urban fabric and invite new social dynamics within it.

True to these two engagements, CHYBIK + KRISTOF position themselves as both architects and citizens of this urban space. In doing so, they consider the inherent relationships, nuances and synergies between the existing and the envisioned, the public and the private, the function and the experience – all-the-while stressing the station's primary role as a transportation hub, through which over 820 regional, national and international connections and 17,000 passengers transit each day.

Transparency is at the root of their new design. Paying homage to its original architect Radúz Russ, they proudly expose the station's characteristically raw Brutalist elements – a steel supporting frame and concrete roof – contrasting their angularity with an organic wave that mirrors the seamless flow of vehicles and passengers. They also turn to structural transparency, removing walls and favoring light as evocative of access, safety and comfort. Following the original square floorplan, they reconfigure the main hall as an open structure devoid of walls. A two-sided roof, the inner space houses the individual bus stops while the outer area serves as a parking space for buses. Eager to open up the terminal onto the city, the architects remove the temporary structures added in the 1990s and erect a second entry to the station at street level. Adding new light fixtures onto the main worn-down structure, which they repaint in white, they introduce a new information office, ticketing and waiting areas, platforms, and an orientation system accessible to the disabled. Through this design, CHYBIK + KRISTOF transform the building into a dynamic, functional and intrinsically social hub, channeling an unrestricted flow of locals and passengers alike.

CHYBIK + KRISTOF is an architecture and urban design practice founded in 2010 by Ondrej Chybik and Michal Kristof. Operating with 50+ international team members and offices in Prague, Brno and Bratislava, the practice aims at creating bridges between private and public space, transcending generations and societal spheres. Taking into account local histories and environmental specificities, the studio works on a wide array of projects, ranging from urban developments to public and residential buildings. Recent projects include: Gallery of Furniture (Czech Republic), the Czech Pavilion at Expo 2015 (Milan, Italy) and Lahofer Winery (Czech Republic). The studio has been awarded a number of prizes including the 2019 Design Vanguard Award from Architectural Record, and was recently amongst the European Centre for Architecture Art Design and Urban Studies' 2019 40 Under 40 Award winners.

https://chybik-kristof.com/

Location: Zvonarka Central Bus Terminal Zvonařka 411, 617 00 Brno Czech Republic

Project Team: Ondrej Chybik, Michal Kristof, Ondrej Svancara (Project Leader), Ingrid Spacilova, Adam Jung, Krystof Foltyn, Martin Holy, Laura Emilija Druktenyte.

·END  ·